Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Treatment for breast cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the tumor, but often involves surgery to remove the tumor and some lymph nodes. This can lead to various complications, such as restricted mobility, pain, scars or lymphedema. Physiotherapy can play an important role in relieving these symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients. In this article we explain how physical therapy can help after breast cancer, what methods are used and what you can do yourself.
What is Physiotherapy after Breast Cancer?
Physiotherapy after breast cancer is a part of rehabilitation that aims to reduce the physical and psychological consequences of the disease and its therapy. Physiotherapy can be used in both the early postoperative phase and the long-term phase, depending on the patient's individual needs and goals. The goals of physical therapy after breast cancer include:
- To restore or maintain mobility of the affected arm and shoulder girdle
- To avoid or reduce the development or aggravation of lymphedema
- To promote scar healing and to loosen adhesions
- To improve posture and correct bad posture
- To strengthen the muscles and increase endurance
- Optimize breathing and support lung function
- To relieve pain and promote relaxation
- To strengthen self-confidence and body awareness
- To make it easier to return to everyday life and social life
What methods are used in physiotherapy after breast cancer?
The methods used in physical therapy after breast cancer depend on the phase of treatment, the patient's condition and her individual goals. The most common methods include:
- Manual therapy: These are various techniques that are carried out with the hands, such as massages, mobilizations or stretches. These can help improve blood circulation, loosen scars, increase mobility, reduce pain and promote relaxation.
- Lymphatic drainage: This is a special form of massage that aims to improve the drainage of lymph fluid from the affected area. This can help prevent or reduce lymphedema, which can result from removal or damage to lymph nodes.
- Complex physical decongestion therapy (KPE): This is a combination of manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandages or stockings, movement exercises and skin care. This method is primarily used for patients with advanced or chronic lymphedema.
- Exercise treatment: These are various exercises that are individually adapted to restore or maintain function of the affected arm and shoulder girdle. These can include, for example, stretching, strengthening, coordination, balance or endurance exercises. These can also be carried out with aids such as balls, sticks or towels.
- Respiratory therapy: These are various exercises aimed at optimizing breathing and supporting lung function. These can include, for example, breathing techniques, breathing exercises or breathing games. These can also be carried out with aids such as whistles, balloons or blowpipes.
- Relaxation therapy: These are various methods aimed at promoting relaxation and reducing stress. These can include, for example, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, meditation or music therapy.
How often and for how long should physical therapy be performed after breast cancer?
The frequency and duration of physical therapy after breast cancer depends on various factors, such as the stage of the disease, the course of treatment, the patient's condition and her individual goals. In general:
- In the early postoperative phase, physiotherapy should begin as early as possible, ideally on the first day after the operation. Physiotherapy should be carried out daily or several times a week until the patient is discharged or until she has achieved sufficient mobility and freedom from pain.
- In the long-term phase, physiotherapy should be continued as needed to maintain or improve the results achieved. Physiotherapy can be carried out on an outpatient basis or as part of inpatient rehabilitation. The frequency and duration of physical therapy may vary depending on whether it is a preventative or a curative measure.
What can you do yourself?
In addition to professional physical therapy, you can also do a lot yourself to promote your health and well-being after breast cancer treatment. Here are some tips:
- Regularly perform exercises shown to you by your physiotherapist. These can help you improve your flexibility, strength, endurance and posture.
- Wear compression bandages or stockings if necessary to prevent or reduce lymphedema. Follow your physical therapist's instructions regarding donning and doffing, cleaning and care of compression devices.
- Care for your skin carefully to avoid infection or injury. Use mild soaps and creams, trim your nails short, and avoid extreme temperatures or friction.
- Avoid straining or overexerting the affected arm. Do not lift heavy objects, wear tight clothing or jewelry, and avoid taking blood pressure measurements or blood samples on this arm.
- Maintain a balanced diet and adequate fluid intake. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats. Drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day, or more during heat or physical exertion.
- Reduce your alcohol and tobacco consumption or avoid them altogether. Alcohol and tobacco can negatively affect your health and increase the risk of a relapse.
- Seek support from family, friends or professional helpers. Talk about your feelings and needs, find a hobby or activity that you enjoy, and participate in support groups or counseling services.
What types of breast cancer are there?
Not all breast cancer is the same. There are different forms of breast cancer, which differ in their cause, growth, spreading behavior and treatment.